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203 lines
6 KiB
Markdown
203 lines
6 KiB
Markdown
# GoDotEnv  [](https://goreportcard.com/report/github.com/joho/godotenv)
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A Go (golang) port of the Ruby [dotenv](https://github.com/bkeepers/dotenv) project (which loads env vars from a .env file).
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From the original Library:
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> Storing configuration in the environment is one of the tenets of a twelve-factor app. Anything that is likely to change between deployment environments–such as resource handles for databases or credentials for external services–should be extracted from the code into environment variables.
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>
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> But it is not always practical to set environment variables on development machines or continuous integration servers where multiple projects are run. Dotenv load variables from a .env file into ENV when the environment is bootstrapped.
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It can be used as a library (for loading in env for your own daemons etc.) or as a bin command.
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There is test coverage and CI for both linuxish and Windows environments, but I make no guarantees about the bin version working on Windows.
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## Installation
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As a library
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```shell
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go get github.com/joho/godotenv
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```
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or if you want to use it as a bin command
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go >= 1.17
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```shell
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go install github.com/joho/godotenv/cmd/godotenv@latest
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```
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go < 1.17
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```shell
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go get github.com/joho/godotenv/cmd/godotenv
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```
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## Usage
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Add your application configuration to your `.env` file in the root of your project:
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```shell
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S3_BUCKET=YOURS3BUCKET
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SECRET_KEY=YOURSECRETKEYGOESHERE
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```
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Then in your Go app you can do something like
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```go
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package main
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import (
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"log"
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"os"
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"github.com/joho/godotenv"
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)
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func main() {
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err := godotenv.Load()
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if err != nil {
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log.Fatal("Error loading .env file")
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}
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s3Bucket := os.Getenv("S3_BUCKET")
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secretKey := os.Getenv("SECRET_KEY")
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// now do something with s3 or whatever
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}
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```
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If you're even lazier than that, you can just take advantage of the autoload package which will read in `.env` on import
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```go
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import _ "github.com/joho/godotenv/autoload"
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```
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While `.env` in the project root is the default, you don't have to be constrained, both examples below are 100% legit
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```go
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godotenv.Load("somerandomfile")
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godotenv.Load("filenumberone.env", "filenumbertwo.env")
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```
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If you want to be really fancy with your env file you can do comments and exports (below is a valid env file)
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```shell
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# I am a comment and that is OK
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SOME_VAR=someval
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FOO=BAR # comments at line end are OK too
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export BAR=BAZ
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```
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Or finally you can do YAML(ish) style
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```yaml
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FOO: bar
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BAR: baz
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```
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as a final aside, if you don't want godotenv munging your env you can just get a map back instead
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```go
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var myEnv map[string]string
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myEnv, err := godotenv.Read()
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s3Bucket := myEnv["S3_BUCKET"]
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```
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... or from an `io.Reader` instead of a local file
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```go
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reader := getRemoteFile()
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myEnv, err := godotenv.Parse(reader)
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```
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... or from a `string` if you so desire
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```go
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content := getRemoteFileContent()
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myEnv, err := godotenv.Unmarshal(content)
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```
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### Precedence & Conventions
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Existing envs take precedence of envs that are loaded later.
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The [convention](https://github.com/bkeepers/dotenv#what-other-env-files-can-i-use)
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for managing multiple environments (i.e. development, test, production)
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is to create an env named `{YOURAPP}_ENV` and load envs in this order:
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```go
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env := os.Getenv("FOO_ENV")
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if "" == env {
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env = "development"
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}
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godotenv.Load(".env." + env + ".local")
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if "test" != env {
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godotenv.Load(".env.local")
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}
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godotenv.Load(".env." + env)
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godotenv.Load() // The Original .env
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```
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If you need to, you can also use `godotenv.Overload()` to defy this convention
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and overwrite existing envs instead of only supplanting them. Use with caution.
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### Command Mode
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Assuming you've installed the command as above and you've got `$GOPATH/bin` in your `$PATH`
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```
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godotenv -f /some/path/to/.env some_command with some args
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```
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If you don't specify `-f` it will fall back on the default of loading `.env` in `PWD`
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By default, it won't override existing environment variables; you can do that with the `-o` flag.
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### Writing Env Files
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Godotenv can also write a map representing the environment to a correctly-formatted and escaped file
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```go
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env, err := godotenv.Unmarshal("KEY=value")
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err := godotenv.Write(env, "./.env")
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```
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... or to a string
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```go
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env, err := godotenv.Unmarshal("KEY=value")
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content, err := godotenv.Marshal(env)
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```
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## Contributing
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Contributions are welcome, but with some caveats.
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This library has been declared feature complete (see [#182](https://github.com/joho/godotenv/issues/182) for background) and will not be accepting issues or pull requests adding new functionality or breaking the library API.
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Contributions would be gladly accepted that:
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* bring this library's parsing into closer compatibility with the mainline dotenv implementations, in particular [Ruby's dotenv](https://github.com/bkeepers/dotenv) and [Node.js' dotenv](https://github.com/motdotla/dotenv)
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* keep the library up to date with the go ecosystem (ie CI bumps, documentation changes, changes in the core libraries)
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* bug fixes for use cases that pertain to the library's purpose of easing development of codebases deployed into twelve factor environments
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*code changes without tests and references to peer dotenv implementations will not be accepted*
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1. Fork it
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2. Create your feature branch (`git checkout -b my-new-feature`)
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3. Commit your changes (`git commit -am 'Added some feature'`)
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4. Push to the branch (`git push origin my-new-feature`)
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5. Create new Pull Request
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## Releases
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Releases should follow [Semver](http://semver.org/) though the first couple of releases are `v1` and `v1.1`.
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Use [annotated tags for all releases](https://github.com/joho/godotenv/issues/30). Example `git tag -a v1.2.1`
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## Who?
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The original library [dotenv](https://github.com/bkeepers/dotenv) was written by [Brandon Keepers](http://opensoul.org/), and this port was done by [John Barton](https://johnbarton.co/) based off the tests/fixtures in the original library.
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